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Elements of Resistance: Violence, Nonviolence, and the State, by Jeriah Bowser
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Our world is full of ideas about the way that humans should live. Some of these ideas create a more beautiful and equal world that we all want to live in, while other ideas create violence, hatred, inequality, and suffering. Some of us care an awful lot about beautiful ideas; we care enough to fight for them and spend our lives working towards them, and we care enough to resist. Resistance takes many forms, however, and there are many ideas about the most effective and correct ways to resist. “Elements of Resistance” attempts to transcend the false binary of nonviolent and violent resistance, and looks at the heart and soul of what it means to resist, why we resist, and what some different methods of effective resistance might look like. Drawing from recent work by social theorists and activists such as Derrick Jensen, Ward Churchill, Shane Claiborne, Johann Galtung, and Peter Gelderloos, as well as the work of Frantz Fanon, Henry Thoreau, Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mohandas Gandhi, this book is an exploration into the history, theory, and necessity of resistance to oppression.
- Sales Rank: #1758450 in Books
- Published on: 2015-02-13
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 8.00" h x .40" w x 5.00" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 158 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
I like the tone and tenor of this book
By Gary Gripp
I like the reasonable and idealistic tone of this book, and I like it that this message comes from someone who has personally experienced the stages, and the traps, in the journey toward effective resistance. The author identifies three traps that activists can fall into: the fearful warrior; the lackey; the privileged pacifist—and each of these is a clearly recognizable response to the overwhelming Power of the State. For a time I thought the author was a little vague about what the State actually is, but toward the end he finally comes through with as tight a definition as one could hope for: ‘The State exists to legitimize, enforce, and perpetuate hierarchy and private property.’ Well said, and an insight not easily gained in a world where masks of benevolence disguise the true face of the State.
This book is orderly and well-organized, providing us with historical overviews of resistance movements of the twentieth century that seemed to succeed, or partially succeed, at least for a time, as well as portraits of three iconic resistance leaders: Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nelson Mandela, whom the author characterizes according to their ideologies and practices. Of the three, Mandela was ideologically the most versatile, strategically employing violence when appropriate, and non-violence when that was most likely to be effective.
The author focuses at length on the psychology of both individual resistors and resistance groups, dividing the psychology of resistance into four distinct stages: being colonized; attaining decolonization; active non-violence, and; total liberation. We have all been colonized by our culture and we have swallowed the lies of the State. Decolonization is the ongoing work of a lifetime and it is a task that can never be finished. This hard fact, I think, is one the author does not address as forthrightly as he might. But he is young, and because of that probably believes he has already arrived; and besides, it makes for cleaner reading to imagine a distinct line between being duped, and seeing through—and getting beyond-- years and decades of daily cultural conditioning. The third category, active non-violent resistance, is one that is commonly attempted by the still-colonized, but it never quite works as it should. The traps of the fearful warrior, the lackey, and the privileged pacifist await those who have not overcome their conditioning. The stage of active non-violence both requires a lot of the individual (or group) but also can produce powerful results. The final stage of total liberation is, in essence, the ideal to be worked toward—not a realistic condition in the civilized world.
The case studies we are invited to look at are interesting examples of resistance movements that exemplify the three stages of colonized, decolonized, and active non-violence. The first is the case of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement; the second, the Paris Commune; the third, the Zapatista Movement in Chiapas, Mexico. Each of these movements manifests some early promise of success, and the Paris Commune attains almost Utopian proportions before it is thoroughly crushed by the overwhelming force of the State. The Zapatista Movement fights the State to what appears to be a stand-off, or might even look like State capitulation, in the short term. But the State, and those it represents, play the long game, so I think it is premature to call this a decisive victory. Indeed, none of these case histories really fully address the situation we find ourselves in today, with banks and corporations having taken over the State as its own; with surveillance and spying on ordinary citizens now the norm; with the State now highly militarized, even at the local level; with laws, like the Patriot Act, making anyone the State so designates a terrorist or traitor; and with the media in lockstep with the corporatist agenda. When the outlaws and psychopaths control all the levers of Power, how, exactly might a resistance movement restore Power to the People?
I don’t fault this book for not providing a convincing answer to this question. It does well what it does. But someone should be working on this problem of Power gone Mad: mad enough to continue destroying a once-livable world; mad enough to accelerate the process, as if a big pile of banknotes had more value than Life itself. This is what we are up against: the irretrievable loss of a livable future. I only hope this author, or someone, comes up with a sequel to The Elements of Resistance that addresses this nightmare reality, and how to stop it cold.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Beyond binaries
By William T. Hathaway
Jeriah Bowser is a bridger of opposites. In ELEMENTS OF RESISTANCE he manages to integrate two seemingly mutually-exclusive approaches to social change: nonviolence and violence. While affirming the importance of resisting first with nonviolent means, he presents convincing historical evidence that every successful nonviolent movement had a violent counterpart that was crucial to the success of the overall struggle. Bowser is a pragmatist; his priority is to make resistance more effective, so he shows us the danger of basing praxis on rigid ideologies. But he's also a moralist, arguing that armed resistance to the massive structural violence built into capitalist societies can be the path of least violence and a moral necessity. He urges us: "Do not buy the lie that nonviolence is the only historically successful way of defeating injustice, nor the lie that violence is the only way. They each have their role and their function as elements of resistance. Sometimes it is better and more effective to be nonviolent; sometimes it is better and more effective to be violent." Bowser has written an excellent book, both useful and profound.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Must-read for anyone who sees a need for change
By Cynthia Jeub
This book is very well-researched and presents relevant and important ideas about what it means to oppose the State. Jeriah examines popular examples of nonviolence and points out that they weren't successful, and suggests that violence isn't always wrong. The argument is complex but almost all of my questions about Jeriah's views were answered in this little book. The writing kept me intrigued, and the ideas were challenging - like the concept of the Privileged Pacifist, someone who looks down on people and says violence is never the answer.
For me, it falls short of five stars for a few reasons. Though it's well-constructed, the argument fails to address one major question: if the State shouldn't be violent, what justifies violent resistance to the State? When I interviewed him, Jeriah clarified that the State's violence is sanctioned. I would have liked to see this argument more fleshed out in the book. Jeriah's idea about four stages of freedom is remarkable, but he avoids condemning unsanctioned violence by saying it's not his place to judge which stage any given person may be in. This seems to dodge the responsibility of making an absolute statement about when violence is justified, and when it's not. The book also contains quite a few typos and distracting formatting errors.
If you're interested in questioning authority, understanding how the status quo is incredibly violent and must be changed, and a concise historical perspective on effective resistance, I highly recommend this book.
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